Published 02 December 2025
Performance of 304 Stainless Steel Plates in Diverse Environments
As one of the most prevalent and widely utilized grades in austenitic stainless steels, 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) finds extensive applications in construction, food processing, medical, chemical, and household appliance industries. Its popularity stems from excellent corrosion resistance, favorable formability, and reliable weldability. However, 304 stainless steel is not “all-purpose”—its performance varies significantly across different service environments. This paper systematically analyzes the performance of 304 stainless steel plates under five typical conditions: atmospheric, fresh water, seawater/high-chloride, acid-alkali, and high-temperature environments. 1. Performance in Atmospheric Environments In ambient atmospheres of ordinary urban or rural areas, 304 stainless steel plates demonstrate outstanding corrosion resistance. A dense chromium oxide passivation film (Cr₂O₃) spontaneously forms on the surface, effectively isolating oxygen and moisture to prevent further oxidation of the substrate. Consequently, in dry, clean, and industrially unpolluted air, 304 stainless steel exhibits negligible rusting and maintains a bright, as-new appearance over extended periods. The scenario differs notably in industrial zones or coastal regions, however. Industrial atmospheres typically contain pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides, which dissolve in water to form acidic media that can degrade the passivation film. Coastal atmospheres, on the other hand, contain high levels of sodium chloride...
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